Essay For All expert tutors is most reliable in offering professional chronic leukemia nursing assignment help services. Unlike acute leukemia, chronic leukemia develops gradually. Once a person develops the condition, it can take years before it worsens or starts showing symptoms. The gradual development of chronic leukemia may not require urgent treatment.
Little treatment may also help in managing the symptoms related to the disease. Most people affected by chronic leukemia are adults. However, children can also be diagnosed with the condition. There are high survival rates for people diagnosed with chronic leukemia.
Based on our professional tutors, the survival rates may also differ depending on several factors, such as a person’s overall health, age, and cancer stage. Our tutors have many years of experience offering high-quality chronic leukemia nursing assignment help services. Contact us anytime for professional assistance and guidance.
Types of leukemia
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and the bone marrow. The disease is also known as chronic myelocytic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia, or chronic myelogenous leukemia. It is commonly diagnosed when in the chronic phase. There are three main phases of chronic myeloid leukemia.
The disease develops when there is damage in the stem cell of the bone marrow, which h is also known as the acquired mutation. The stem cells in the body are responsible for making platelets, white and red blood cells. In this case, the damaged stem cells change into leukemic cells, multiplying into numerous chronic myeloid leukemia cells, outnumbering the normal cells.
That is why a person with chronic myeloid leukemia has less number of healthy blood cells. Anemia is likely to result in such a person. When the number of healthy red blood cells reduces, a person will likely experience breath shortness and fatigue. A reduced number of white blood cells, on the other hand, can cause neutropenia.
Based on our chronic leukemia nursing assignment help professionals, neutropenia is a condition characterized by low white blood cells. The disease impairs the immune system’s efficiency due to the reduced ability to fight against any pathogenic invasion. Contact our professional tutors for deeper insights.
Risk factors of Chronic myeloid leukemia
No individual is always bone with chronic myeloid leukemia. However, the condition develops while growing up. It may result when there is a mutation in the DNA of bone marrow cells. Though there is no apparent cause associated with chronic myeloid leukemia, certain conditions make one vulnerable to developing this type of leukemia. Some of the predisposing factors of chronic myeloid leukemia are;
- Radiation exposure
- Age
- Sex
Signs and symptoms of Chronic myeloid leukemia
- Night sweats
- Bone pain
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Body weakness
- Significant weight loss
Such symptoms are likely to happen, especially when the chronic myeloid leukemia cells overcrowd the bone marrow of the healthy platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells. Besides, the symptoms may be because of the accumulation of chronic myeloid leukemia cells in the spleen.
Diagnosis of Chronic myeloid leukemia
The main challenge of chronic myeloid leukemia is the inability to show symptoms. When a patient goes for tests and diagnosis, the doctors may look for abnormal white blood cell count as the first warning symptom of the likelihood of chronic myeloid leukemia. Apart from blood tests, there are multiple tests that doctors may use in assessing the condition of the blood and the bone marrow cells. According to our competent chronic leukemia nursing homework helpers, examples of additional tests that can be undertaken are unlimited;
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
According to the Essay For All tutors, this is a lab test essential in examining chromosomes and genes in cells. It is a compassionate option used for detecting chronic myeloid leukemia. It helps in the identification of the BCR::ABL1 gene.
Cytogenetic analysis
Our nursing assignment helps tutors consider cytogenetics as studying chromosomes and their related abnormalities. A cytogenetic analysis entails the application of special stains on the bone marrow sample to examine for chromosomal abnormalities or changes like the Philadelphia chromosome. If the Philadelphia chromosome is available in the bone marrow cells, with a high count of white blood cells, that is a positive confirmation of chronic myeloid leukemia.
Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
When examining the bone marrow cells for abnormalities, bone marrow aspiration, and biopsy become crucial. After introducing anesthesia, the doctor takes a sample from the hip bone of the patient. Bone marrow biopsy entails using a broader needle to remove small bone pieces having bone marrow. However, bone marrow aspiration entails inserting a hollow needle through the hip bone and bone marrow to extract liquid samples from the cells.
Peripheral blood smear
This test entails staining the blood cells before examining them using a light microscope. The obtained samples help in showing;
- The proportion of blast cells to those fully matured white blood cells
- The specific pattern of white blood cells
- The type, number, and size of blood cells
Complete blood count with differential
Based on our professional tutors, this test helps measure the number of red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells in the blood. While performing the test, individuals with chronic myeloid leukemia will have the following;
- A lower or higher number of platelets depending on the stage of the disease
- A reduced red blood cell count
- An increased white blood cell count
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
This is a type of blood cancer that is prevalent among adults that affects the lymphocytes. It is prevalent among people above 65 years old. However, there have also been cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia among people from the age of 30. As a type of white blood cell, the lymphocytes are important in fighting certain infections.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is characterized by the enlargement of the lymphocytes, which is visible under the microscope. The abnormality and the warning signs of chronic lymphocytic leukemia may only be realized when performing routine physical examinations or blood tests due to a lack of visible symptoms.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia can result due to the mutation of healthy lymphocytes. There are different types of chronic lymphocytic leukemia based on the type of affected lymphocytes. When seeking our online chronic leukemia nursing assignment help writing services, you will discover that the main types of chronic lymphocytic leukemia are; chronic t-cell leukemia and NK-cell LGL leukemia.
Symptoms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
People always notice they have chronic leukemia after a long time due to the inability to notice any symptoms. The challenge with late identification of symptoms is that the disease might have caused significant damage to the white blood cells. Even though it may take months and even years for the presentation of symptoms, some of the symptoms of chronic leukemia are;
- Unexplained weight loss
- Night swears
- Swollen lymph nodes in the stomach, groin, underarm, or neck
- Fever
- Fatigue
- A sense of fullness under the ribs
- Decrease in the number of red blood cells
- Change in blood cell counts
- Spleen enlargement
- Enlargement of the liver
Diagnosis of Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
When handling patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, it is always essential to understand the stage of the disease. It helps to offer further information about the extent to which the cancer will have spread. The main stages of chronic lymphocytic leukemia are;
| Stage | Description |
|---|---|
| Stage 0 | CLL cells are present in the blood, bone marrow, or lymph nodes, but there are no physical signs or symptoms of the disease. |
| Stage I | CLL cells are present in the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Lymph nodes may be larger than normal, but there is still no enlargement of the liver or spleen. |
| Stage II | CLL cells are present in the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are larger than normal, and the liver and/or spleen may be enlarged. |
| Stage III | CLL cells are present in the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Lymph nodes, liver, and/or spleen are larger than normal, and the number of red blood cells may be low. |
| Stage IV | CLL cells are present in the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Lymph nodes, liver, and/or spleen are larger than normal, and the number of platelets may be low. |
| Stage 0s | CLL cells are present in the blood, bone marrow, or lymph nodes, and the number of platelets is significantly low. |
| Richter’s Transformation | CLL cells transform into an aggressive form, usually diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This is considered a separate stage and is associated with a poorer prognosis. |
The leukemia cells might have spread from the bone marrow and the blood to other body parts like the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes. Once a person tests positive for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, further tests may be required to understand how far the leukemia cells have spread. Some of the tests include;
PET-CT scan
This procedure entails a combination of images captured from a computed tomography scan and a positron emission tomography. The imaging tests are performed once using the same machine and combine the images to generate a more detailed picture.
CT scan
A CT scan is essential in generating detailed images of internal body parts taken from different angles. It may be used when assessing various body parts such as the lymph nodes, pelvis, chest, and neck. The test is commonly used on individuals with swollen lymph nodes in different body parts.
Chest x-ray
This test helps in assessing internal body organs such as lymph nodes
Treatment options for Chronic Leukemia
Multiple treatment options are available for individuals who test positive for chronic leukemia. Some of the treatments available are;
- Chemotherapy
- Immunotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Targeted therapy
- Watchful waiting
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